Cultural resources surveys are systematic investigations to identify, evaluate, and document archaeological sites, historic buildings, structures, and landscapes. They ensure compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) by assessing potential project impacts with these non-renewable resources. Section 106 is separate from but often integrated with NEPA because historic properties of concern in Section 106 are one type of resource considered in NEPA. Both processes are triggered by federal funding, permits or licenses, and both processes should be initiated early on in project planning.